1862 Doersch & von Baumgarten Gendarmerie Needle Rifle

chrisftk

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This is a pretty wild one I thought I would share, as I know we have several needle rifle fans here. I picked this up, along with a few other rarities, from a good friend that was funding another large purchase. I'd wanted one of these for a long time to go in my needle rifle collection, but they are legitimately very rare and typically go for big money when they do come up.

The system was developed by Joeseph Doersch and Cramer von Baumgarten and underwent trials in both Württemberg and Bavaria. I am aware of 5 types, plus a carbine and pistol (!!!) that were designed. The design of the action was deemed to be excellent, but expensive and complicated to manufacture. By then, the Dreyse system was also well-entrenched. In the end, only the small Principality of Schaumburg-Lippe (population in 1861: 29,000) chose to adopt the design in 1862. A number of rifles were produced for Schaumburg-Lippe in a several different models. Production was performed by an as-yet-unamed Suhl company. While attempts were made at a proprietary ammunition, the descision was eventually made to utilize the Prussian m55 Dreyse cartridge. I would image fewer than 1,000 of all models combined were made, but that is just a guess. Despite its adoption, the system was eventually overshadowed by the Dreyse action and fell into obscurity. There were modest attempts by Belgian companies to sell copies of the action commercially, but these too are farily scarce. Information about these is sparse, though I found some information on a French website and there is a small write-up in the A-R West Dreyse book.

This particular rifle appears to be the gendarmerie version. It is not clear whether this was a factory model or a later modification of a diffferent initial model (like the Prussian pioneer mods of the M54 Dreyse). It sports an ammo trip in the buttstock with an ornate "AG" cypher (for Anton-Georg, prince of Schaumburg-Lippe) The number is the gendarmerie serial number and ties back to the rifle's SN (in this case 80). I have seen an identical rifle (#200) on a French website, but have not seen any other examples of this variant. A different model (Infantrygewehr) was posted on another forum several years back, without ammo trap and a three band stock mounting system.

The design is handly and appears to be very well-made. The barrel and receiver are a combined unit, and despite its age, the bore is an absolute mirror. The metal finish is a lovely rust blue. The bayonet lug is directly attached to the barrel. Other than some damage and a sliver missing of the left side of the stock, the wood is in pretty good shape. The bolt is much smaller than the Dreyse bolt; and the needle is fortunately intact.

In any case, here are the pics. If anyone has more information, let me know. These are not well-documented, but happy to own one.

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That's wild. I won't pretend to know much about the also-ran needle gun variations, but I do know they're not an easy field to get into.

Was your buddy unloading stuff more widely than private sales? I ask because I've noticed an odd uptick in lesser known (basically non-Dreyse, non-Chassepot) models of needle rifles and needle rifle conversions popping up over the last few months. I never paid attention if it was coming from one source or not, but if someone is thinning an extensive collection that might make sense.
 
Thanks! I do find the 1840s through 1890s one of the most fascinating periods in gun collecting. The advance of technology was absolutely breakneck and the various countries were constantly trying to outdo each other. For comparison's sake, we would probably need to advance our current firearms into true directed energy weapons for us to match the pace and breadth of advancement in the late 1800s.

Was your buddy unloading stuff more widely than private sales? I ask because I've noticed an odd uptick in lesser known (basically non-Dreyse, non-Chassepot) models of needle rifles and needle rifle conversions popping up over the last few months. I never paid attention if it was coming from one source or not, but if someone is thinning an extensive collection that might make sense.
No, this was just a one-off friends and family deal for two things that he knew I wanted badly. I won't bury the lede here, But the next one is a extremely scarce trials rifle from the 1850 range with one of the wackiest actions I've ever seen. 😎
 
That’s a great piece Chris. Not being in my wheelhouse, I wasn’t familiar with the workings of the needle gun and needed to look up the ammunition. I never would have guessed the needle had to pass through the cartridge powder and strike a primer in the base of the bullet. Quite fascinating, and certainly a design that makes brass obsolete. Thanks for the lesson!
 
That's a fascinating rifle and an excellent write up on their history, thanks for sharing. Given how few of these were made, I'm surprised that there's this much info on them for how few are documented.
 
Thanks guys. I was excited to handle one, let alone own it.

That’s a great piece Chris. Not being in my wheelhouse, I wasn’t familiar with the workings of the needle gun and needed to look up the ammunition. I never would have guessed the needle had to pass through the cartridge powder and strike a primer in the base of the bullet. Quite fascinating, and certainly a design that makes brass obsolete. Thanks for the lesson!
It's an interesting concept. Much better than percussion cap ignition like some breachloaders, but inferior to later metallic cartridges. The biggest weakness of the system is that the needle was thin/weak, exposed to ignition and wore out reasonably quickly as a result. Soldiers carried additional needles and on most rifles they were somewhat easy to replace in the field.

Another flaw of early needle rifles is that they had poor gas sealing and the shooter got a nice blast in the face when firing. It also limited the muzzle velocity/range. The Chassepot was the first major use needle rifle to really solve this problem with a proper seal. As a result it vastly outperformed the Prussian Dreyse. The Prussians retrofitted/started producing bolts with the so-called Beck device (a proper boltface/seal), but the days of the needle rifle were numbered at that point.

That's a fascinating rifle and an excellent write up on their history, thanks for sharing. Given how few of these were made, I'm surprised that there's this much info on them for how few are documented.
It wasn't easy to find info, but glad there was enough to tell the story. Still a lot of mystery though.
 
Another rifle I would have no idea existed if it was not for you posting on it Chris 😂

As usual, an excellent write up that puts everything into perspective. Extra bonus on the original needle still intact.
The WW2 GIs really took anything they could get their hands on that wasn't bolted down LOL.
 
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